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Go to addadhdadvances.com | Back to Page 1 Bipolar Disorder
Symptoms in ChildrenIn children the symptoms are different. Manic children and adolescents are more likely to be irritable and prone to destructive outbursts than to be elated or euphoric.
Depressed children often have physical complaints, such as headaches, muscle aches, stomachaches or tiredness. Their school performance drops and they are frequently absent from school. These children are often irritable, cry unexpectedly and are extremely sensitivity to rejection or failure.
| DiagnosisThere is no diagnostic test or imaging scan for bipolar disorder. The diagnosis is made by psychiatric evaluation based upon the following criteria:
Diagnostic Criteria for Manic EpisodeA patient meets the criteria of having a manic episode if the following are true:
- He has an abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least 1 week, which:
- Impairs in his ability to function normally, or
- Requires hospitalization to prevent harm to himself or others, or
- Is accompanied by psychotic symptoms
- These symptoms are not due to the effects of a substance use or a general medical condition.
- During this period at least 3 of the following symptoms must be present:
- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
- Decreased need for sleep
- Excessive talking
- Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing
- Distractibility
- Increased goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
- Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that may lead to painful consequences
Diagnostic Criteria for a Hypomanic Episode The criteria are similar to those of a manic episode with the following differences.
- The elated mood needs to persist for four days only.
- The mood change does not:
- Impair the person’s ability to function normally
- Require hospitalization to prevent harm to himself or others
- Have psychotic symptoms
- The mood is a clearly uncharacteristic of the person and the differences are directly observable by others.
Diagnostic Criteria for a Major Depressive EpisodeFive of the following symptoms have to be present nearly every day during the same 2-week period; at least one of the symptoms is either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure.
- Depressed mood most of the day
- Markedly diminished interest or pleasure or daily activities for most of the day
- Significant change in weight or appetite
- Insomnia
- Motor agitation or retardation observable by others
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
- Diminished ability to think or concentrate or indecisiveness
- Recurrent thoughts of death, or thoughts or plans about suicide
These symptoms cause significant impairment in functioning, and cannot be accounted for by some precipitating event, medical condition or medication use.
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Go to addadhdadvances.com | Diagnostic Criteria for a Mixed EpisodeTo receive the diagnosis for mixed bipolar disorder the patient has to meet the following criteria:
- Meet the criteria for a manic episode and for a major depressive episode nearly every day for a 1-week period.
- Have mood disturbance that impair function, necessitate hospitalization, or have psychotic features.
- Have symptoms that cannot be attributed to the use of medication or any medical condition.
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